Brake Calipers, How They Work


The Brake caliper is an important brake component. Most of today’s vehicles feature disc-braking system. Although generally used for front wheels, disc brakes are increasingly used in many cars and trucks for rear wheels as well. The brake caliper is fitted over the rotor and helps the vehicle to come to a stop by creating friction with the rotor.

Rotors are metal discs attached to the wheels and they spin along them. The brake caliper is clamped over the rotor. Inside the caliper, there are brake pads which are a pair of metal plates. 

One of these pads is called the outboard brake pad and the other, inboard brake pad. The outboard pad features towards the outside of the rotors and the inboard is toward the vehicle. When the driver steps on the brake, brake fluid generates hydraulic pressure inside the calipers. This forces the high-friction surfaces of the brake pads against the rotor. As a result, the rotors and the wheels attached to them slow down or come to a stop.

The older vehicles feature drum brakes instead of disc brakes. Brake shoes and a rotating drum attached to the wheels serve to slow down the wheels. Since the brake shoes were located inside the drum in these older brake systems, the heat caused by the friction used to build up inside and this caused brake fade or a loss of braking power. 

Since the pads are placed outside the disc in the disc brake systems, they are well ventilated and work more efficiently to stop the vehicles fast and smoothly. Most modern vehicles have thus reverted to disc brakes in recent times. Some of the vehicles, however, still use drum brakes for rear wheels.

The two main types of brake calipers are sliding or floating calipers and fixed calipers. The sliding calipers gyrate with the movement of the rotor. Fixed calipers do not move and have pistons arranged on the sides of the rotor. The fixed calipers are generally more expensive and are used in high-performance vehicles. 

Brake components from Caliper Engineering are reconditioned for use on a new vehicle, re-manufacturing components such as these can reduce costs while ensuring a quality product. Some of the most high-end vehicles feature as many as 6 pairs of pistons arranged on the rotor sides. One also needs special tools to work with a brake caliper and replace the brake pads.

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